The independent variable is often seen as influencing, directly or indirectly, the dependent variable. 8p" O . R $ i4N5y } R $ `N%L B RX R $ M>3O'2 X R $ PowerPoint PPT presentation, CHAPTER 12 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR OPTIMIZATION IN DISCRETE PROBLEMS, - Slides for Introduction to Stochastic Search and Optimization (ISSO) by J. C. Spall CHAPTER 12 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR OPTIMIZATION IN DISCRETE PROBLEMS, | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view, Chapter 8: Introduction to Statistical Inferences. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. In it's simplest, idealized form, the random walk problem can be viewed as in the figure . The decision-maker for desk-rejecting a manuscript, Acceptable standard for English language quality, Retraction of articles and how authors should handle it. ? Well convert it to an HTML5 slideshow that includes all the media types youve already added: audio, video, music, pictures, animations and transition effects. - Chapter 8: Introduction to Find the lower and upper confidence limits. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Many of them are also animated. u " Sample size calculation yields the number of study subjects needed, given a certain desired power to detect a difference and a certain level of P value that will be considered significant. Interquartile range Is the range of data from the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile Common component of a box and whiskers plot It is the box, and the line across the box is the median or middle value Rarely, mean will also be displayed. - Enago.tw | Reviso de Texto- Enago.com.br | Ingilizce Dzenleme- Enago.com.tr, Copyright 2023 - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions | Contact Us. - biomedical Signal processing Chapter 1 Introduction Zhongguo Liu Biomedical Engineering School of Control Science and Engineering Analysing continuous data Parametric versus Non-parametric methods. So, lt(?m)2gt 4lt(?n1)2gt, Summary 1 Dimensional Random Walk Problem, Probability Distribution is Binomial WN(n1), Mean number of steps to the right ltn1gt Np. If O(u) is any function of u, the mean value of, Some simple mean values that are useful for, This is a measure of the central value of u, Consider the quantity ?u u - u (deviation from, ? Much more useful than correlation Allows prediction of values of Y rather than just whether there is a relationship between two variable. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. august 12, 2009. I can advise you this service - www.HelpWriting.net Bought essay here. This may lead to a negative study outcome in error. In inferential statistics, we are generally using a sample. P values, Statistical Methods in Clinical Research James B. Similarly, we can, Of course, ltn1gt ltn2gt N(p q) N as it. gordon c. nagayama hall 355 straub phone: 346-4969 e-mail: gnhall@darkwing.uoregon.edu. gordon c. nagayama hall 355 straub phone: 346-4969 e-mail: Clinical Research Methods - . The four types of statistical methods and the - ResearchGate By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. B^uuhm?}{].~}v_J;xogJY]@.)oqC? Clinical Research Methods - . The function of statistics in research is to purpose as a tool in conniving research, analyzing its data and portrayal of conclusions there from. Click here to review the details. You might even have a presentation youd like to share with others. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. February 13, 2010. Qualitative Vs. Quantitative Research A step-wise guide to conduct research. The P value used is an arbitrary value P value of 0.05 equals 1 in 20 chance P value of 0.01 equals 1 in 100 chance P value of 0.001 equals 1 in 1000 chance. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Would need to do pair-wise tests. They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. NOTE that lt(?u)2gt 0 if only if ui u for, It can easily be shown that, lt(?u)2gt 0, or, We could also define the nth moment of P(u) about, This is rarely used beyond n 2. Measures of Central Tendency - Biostatstics, GCSE Geography: How And Why To Use Spearmans Rank, ppt on data collection , processing , analysis of data & report writing, CABT Math 8 measures of central tendency and dispersion, MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY AND MEASURES OF DISPERSION, Measures of central tendency and dispersion, STATISTICAL PROCEDURES (Discriptive Statistics).pptx, SHAYA'A OTHMAN MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, Measures of central tendency ict integration, Continuing Our Look At Primary And Secondary Data, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. 3rd edition. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Statistics and Methods - California Center for Population Research It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Regression Based on fitting a line to data Provides a regression coefficient, which is the slope of the line Y = ax + b Use to predict a dependent variables value based on the value of an independent variable. In her current role, she is involved with the collection and analysis of big data for institutional and pedagogical research, and presentation of findings to internal . Chapter 10 Data Monitoring, Monitoring Committee Function, - Chapter 10 Data Monitoring, Monitoring Committee Function & Statistical Methods. Sample size for proportions Stata input: Mean 1 = .2, mean 2 = .3, = .05, power (1-) =.8. Types of data Continuous data Theoretically infinite possible values (within physiologic limits) , including fractional values Height, age, weight Can be interval Interval between measures has meaning. PDF Introduction & Basics While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Ratio of two interval data points has no meaning Temperature in celsius, day of the year). Two main statistical methods are used in data analysis: descriptive statistics, which summarizes data using indexes such as mean and median and another is inferential statistics, which draw conclusions from data using statistical tests such as student's t-test. Almost never, NOTE A knowledge of the probability distribution, In order to uniquely determine a distribution, Also well discuss a few math tricks for doing, The probability in N steps of making n1 to the, p the probability of a step to the right, q 1, (p q)N ? The probability of stepping to, to the left is q 1 p. In general, q ? Each has, A molecule travels in 3 dimensions with a mean, The techniques used are Powerful General. STATISTICS IN Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. So, the relative, ? Statistical methods in NLP - . PPT Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics - UBalt We've encountered a problem, please try again. Statistics by Statistical Research and Training Center Philippine Statistical Association , Inc. (Power point presentation on the different concepts of Statistics) Elementary Statistics by Yonardo A. Gabuyo et. 5. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation sharing website. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Standard Error Significance: Is the basis of confidence intervals A 95% confidence interval is defined by Sample mean (or proportion) 1.96 X standard error Since standard error is inversely related to the sample size: The larger the study (sample size), the smaller the confidence intervals and the greater the precision of the estimate. - Chapter 9. lt(?n1)2gt (in general). - Chapter 10: Inference from Small Samples Introduction When the sample size is small, the estimation and testing procedures of Chapter 8 are not appropriate. PPT - Statistical Methods PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID Non-Parametric Methods - Statistics for Health Research Non-Parametric Methods Peter T. Donnan Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view Research and Statistical Methods for Gym Business (1) - This research study was done to analyze the factors or the issues why the gym was losing the profit. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Shermain Puah - Learning Research Analyst - LinkedIn the spread of the u values about the mean u. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for Best PowerPoint Templates from Presentations Magazine. Here, you can use descriptive statistics tools to summarize the data. We focus on methods in eight areas of statistical research and maintain expertise in each. A P value provides only a probability that estimate is due to chance A P value could be statistically significant but of limited clinical significance. The independent variable usually occurs earlier in time than the dependent variables. }>@X'- (W? vORv[K? T value = difference between means standard error of difference T value then looked up in Table to determine significance, Paired T Tests Uses the change before and after intervention in a single individual Reduces the degree of variability between the groups Given the same number of patients, has greater power to detect a difference between groups. Statistical methods are mathematical formulas, models, and techniques that are used in statistical analysis of raw research data. methods research methods quantitative methods qualitative methods mathematical statistical methods interviews structured semi structured Download Presentation Research Methods An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Example: A relative risk of 4 might have a confidence interval of 1.05 to 9, suggesting that although the estimate is for a 400% increased risk, an increased risk of 5% to 900% is plausible. Standard Error Standard error of the mean Standard deviation / square root of (sample size) (if sample greater than 60) Standard error of the proportion Square root of (proportion X 1 - proportion) / n) Important: dependent on sample size Larger the sample, the smaller the standard error. Basics stat ppt-types of data Farhana Shaheen 23.3k views Null hypothesis AND ALTERNAT HYPOTHESIS ADESH MEDICAL COLLEGE 53.5k views Presentation of data Ruby Ocenar 256k views Research Design gaurav22 401.8k views Standard deviation P. G. Department of Botany, Berhampur University 82.6k views Chi squared test Dhruv Patel 6.4k views Often presented graphically as a 2 X 2 Table, Chi-Squared (2) Test Chi-Squared (2) Formula Not applicable in small samples If fewer than 5 observations per cell, use Fishers exact test, Correlation Assesses the linear relationship between two variables Example: height and weight Strength of the association is described by a correlation coefficient- r r = 0 - .2 low, probably meaningless r = .2 - .4 low, possible importance r = .4 - .6moderate correlation r = .6 - .8 high correlation r = .8 - 1 very high correlation Can be positive or negative Pearsons, Spearman correlation coefficient Tells nothing about causation, Correlation Source: Harris and Taylor. 7 Types of Statistical Analysis Techniques (And Process Steps) We've updated our privacy policy. ` / 0 D A r i a l G r a n d e 0 P P \, O0 D L u c i d a G r a n d e 0 P P \, O0 @ . Sometimes, u is called the 1st moment of P(u). Introduction Observational Data Descriptive statistics involve summarizing a collection of data. If so, just upload it to PowerShow.com. Statistical methods in medical research. The probability of not making a Type II error is 1 - , which is called the power of the test. If a confidence interval range is very wide, then plausible value might range from very low to very high. The type of data defines: The summary measures used Mean, Standard deviation for continuous data Proportions for discrete data Statistics used for analysis: Examples: T-test for normally distributed continuous Wilcoxon Rank Sum for non-normally distributed continuous, Descriptive Statistics Characterize data set Graphical presentation Histograms Frequency distribution Box and whiskers plot Numeric description Mean, median, SD, interquartile range, HistogramContinuous Data No segmentation of data into groups, Frequency Distribution Segmentation of data into groups Discrete or continuous data, Box and Whisker Plots Popular in Epidemiologic Studies Useful for presenting comparative data graphically, Numeric Descriptive Statistics Measures of central tendency of data Mean Median Mode Measures of variability of data Standard Deviation Interquartile range. Statistical analysis - SlideShare Statistics in research - SlideShare (n1, Question 1 What is the mean number of steps to, We can do this sum by looking it up in a table OR. Use a Statistical description of such a system. [contact-form-7 id="40123" title="Global popup two"], Effective Use of Statistics in Research Methods and Tools for Data Analysis, By clicking this checkbox you consent to receiving newsletters from Enago Academy. Systematic Random Sampling is a method of probability sampling in which the defined target population is ordered and the sample is selected according to position using a skip interval.. The goal of statistics is to help researchers organize and interpret the data. Clearly, m n1 n2, so ltmgt ltn1gt - ltn2gt N( p, So, if p q , ltmgt 0 so, ltxgt ltmgtl 0, Question 3 What is the dispersion (or variance), That is, what is the spread in n1 values about, So, we first need to calculate the quantity, Use a similar trick as we did before note, After algebra (in the book) using p q 1, we, So, finally, using lt(?n1)2gt lt(n1)2gt - (ltn1gt)2, This is the dispersion or variance of the, The root mean square (rms) deviation from the, (?n1) ? Research Scholar - HNB Garhwal Central University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Spies M.D., MPH Professor of Radiology Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington, DC. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. types of data. Use of emergent design utilizing constant comparison and revision. Example: A company advertises the net weight of its cereal is 24 ounces. TI%)$IJB'mVl~~ {kc$N/^\p% I]zDdA h7+L$"H.1KaP Zs.emeni"^]WON/~whm{+?4sZ@2 !X(5Ze `gookv mp9@TX_Ku~K%goECcx:n;?(7 P Values and Confidence Intervals Confidence intervals provide a range of plausible values of the population mean For most tests, if the confidence interval includes 0, then it is not significant. Sample Size Calculation Also called power analysis. Sample Size Calculation Depends on: Level of Type I error: 0.05 typical Level of Type II error: 0.20 typical One sided vs two sided: nearly always two Inherent variability of population Usually estimated from preliminary data The difference that would be meaningful between the two assessment arms. If two samples, is the same as the T test. @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~  Fn KT XAYM( JFIF f f Exif MM * b j( 1 r2 i f f Adobe Photoshop CS Macintosh 2008:11:28 11:45:55 &( . Get powerful tools for managing your contents. - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 637 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 67 Provided by: Charles7 Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Cathy Walker. You can read the details below. It has millions of presentations already uploaded and available with 1,000s more being uploaded by its users every day. Research Method.ppt - SlideShare Data presentation can also help you determine the best way to present the data based on its arrangement. Spies M.D., MPH Professor of Radiology Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington, DC, Overview Data types Summarizing data using descriptive statistics Standard error Confidence Intervals, Overview P values One vs two tailed tests Alpha and Beta errors Sample size considerations and power analysis Statistics for comparing 2 or more groups with continuous data Non-parametric tests, Overview Regression and Correlation Risk Ratios and Odds Ratios Survival Analysis Cox Regression, Further Study Medical Statistics Made Easy M. Harris and G. Taylor Informa Healthcare UK Distributed in US by: Taylor and Francis 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487 1-800-272-7737. continuous data. CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint, - CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint, - Beautifully designed chart and diagram s for PowerPoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. It's FREE! cocke-kasami-younger parsing algorithm: Statistical methods in NLP - . Errors Type I error Claiming a difference between two samples when in fact there is none. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. We model patterns in the data in such a way to account for randomness and uncertainty in the observations, and then draw inferences about the process or population being studied. PowerShow.com is brought to you byCrystalGraphics, the award-winning developer and market-leading publisher of rich-media enhancement products for presentations. Common Statistical Methods for Clinical Research with SAS Examples, Third Edition. PPT - Applications of Statistics in Research PowerPoint Presentation Sample Mean Most commonly used measure of central tendency Best applied in normally distributed continuous data. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Clarification Standard Deviation measures the variability or spread of the data in an individual sample. When comparing two samples, we usually cannot be sure which is going to be be better. Tap here to review the details. You never know which directions study results will go. biostatistics 212. today. The SlideShare family just got bigger. The Statistics and Methods Core supports CCPR research and training by providing expertise in the choice, development, and implementation of statistical methodology. Table of contents Methods for collecting data Examples of data collection methods Methods for analyzing data PPT Describing and Presenting Data - shsu.edu You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! Standard Error A fundamental goal of statistical analysis is to estimate a parameter of a population based on a sample The values of a specific variable from a sample are an estimate of the entire population of individuals who might have been eligible for the study. Sz_]WMi4}S:4c_KC%. Then you can share it with your target audience as well as PowerShow.coms millions of monthly visitors. - CHAPTER 2 Research Methods in Industrial/Organizational Psychology Introduction to Industrial/Organizational Psychology by Ronald Riggio Social Scientific Research Chapter%207%20Sampling%20and%20Sampling%20Distributions. ; The sampling interval, i, is determined by dividing the population size N by . or the 2nd Moment of P(u) about the mean. P Values and Confidence Intervals P values provide less information than confidence intervals. - STAT 13, UCLA, Ivo Dinov. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. For the, Again note that ltn1gt Np. # $ % & ' ( ) * Introduction We are focusing on "quantitative analysis" The general idea is to summarize and analyze data so that it is useful for decision-making We do this by calculating "measures of central tendency" and by looking for relationships (We will NOT cover formal tests of hypotheses) Primary vs. secondary data sources Data on uses ADVANCED STATISTICAL METHODS IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH - . al. Do not sell or share my personal information. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Clinical Investigation and Outcomes Research Statistical Issues in Designing Clinical Research - . need to solve. Schedule Introduction Data Analysis--Introduction Data Collection Instruments Issues in Research Design Sample Size Sources of Error What is the mean displacement, ltxgt ltmgtl? PPTX REACH Resources | Informing more effective humanitarian action ? large data, Statistical Methods - . Temporarily, lets treat p q as arbitrary, NOTE that, if p is a continuous variable, then we, Now, use this in (1) (interchanging the sum the, ltn1gt ? Princy Francis M Introduction to Statistical Computing in Clinical Research - . Types of Data Discrete Data-limited number of choices Binary: two choices (yes/no) Dead or alive Disease-free or not Categorical: more than two choices, not ordered Race Age group Ordinal: more than two choices, ordered Stages of a cancer Likert scale for response E.G. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. InternImage: Exploring Large-Scale Vision Foundation Models with Deformable C caissonsdisease-141212190240-conversion-gate01.pdf, GED260 Colorado Christian University Definition of Drug Addiction Paper.pdf, WTSFest 2023 - Data Storytelling, Lazarina Stoy. PPT - Introduction to Statistical Analysis PowerPoint Presentation Whatever your area of interest, here youll be able to find and view presentations youll love and possibly download. Statistical Methods - SlideShare The Probability of an occurrence of a particular, Example In throwing a pair of dice, we can give, Note that this probability depends strongly on. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. When the sample size is small, the estimation and testing procedures of Chapter 8 are not appropriate. 63^*6oFhdBXP6mkw P_(axEknr_F.VpH^oEB~,xF.Yxl8goKNst=vq~A($rVqg$rQ/$K7v-yG_I/G?WyOKTk3QyIYzp-V^XtwR>sgZa~'C]A|#Ho52;ndYF{Z'#*h 0t`s?gai4 VUsB9. marcia a. testa, mph. They, So, its very important to spend some time on. Comparative descriptive survey research design was employed to answer the research questions raised. Statistical Tests Parametric tests Continuous data normally distributed Non-parametric tests Continuous data not normally distributed Categorical or Ordinal data, Comparison of 2 Sample Means Students T test Assumes normally distributed continuous data. ~ :q;M }ARv=vc[NHev]UB E1Gn ?zE. @ n ? " Statistical Methods. Tap here to review the details. Li leads a research group called the Junction of Statistics and Biology, where she and her students focus on developing statistical and computational methods to answer important questions in biological and biomedical sciences and to extract key information from genomics and health-related data. REACH Resources | Informing more effective humanitarian action Descriptive Statistics Descriptive statistics are methods for organizing and summarizing data. Also called the error. Non-parametric Tests Testing proportions (Pearsons) Chi-Squared (2) Test Fishers Exact Test Testing ordinal variables Mann Whiney U Test Kruskal-Wallis One-way ANOVA Testing Ordinal Paired Variables Sign Test Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test.