A reducer has two connection points ( CPoints) with different values for the Diameter parameter. if you are using Inches as units for your input values then please refer decimal fractional chart to enter proper input values. A reducer is used to change the diameter of the pipe or tube at a selected location. OTHER REFERENCES This Calculator gives a complete solution to all types of Cones Fabrication Layout. In a pipe rack, the flat side of an eccentric reducer is on the bottom, so that the position of the bottom of the pipe will be constant, and supported by the rack. They may comprise the corner elements of more complex chutework, and especially as liners. FastCAM file endstream endobj 18 0 obj <>stream Home & Garden RONA Scarborough Golden Mile The major diameter is 87.5 inches, and the minor diameter 55 inches. this types of the cone are required when the large cone is fabricated and it is not possible to layout the cone in a single part due to limitations of raw material sizes or limitations of forming process. The use of eccentric reducers is also reversible and can be used as eccentric expanders. Patterns in any of the following forms Green, applied to longitudinal seam edges for pressing. Parallel inlet and outlet planes. DATA REQUIREMENTS The dimensions that are needed in making a cone are the thickness of the material, the minor diameter, the major diameter, and the height of the cone. It is required to give this input while layouting Eccentric Cone. Number of Strakes in body. of Development Lines for your flat pattern layout requirement. is the global leader in specialty metals & titanium supply for the Aerospace, Defense, Industrial, Medical and Oil & Gas markets. Cone Angle is included half-angle of the cone. Cone Calculator is used to calculate Fabrication Layout Markings or Flat Pattern Layout Marking of Full Cone, Half Cone or Truncated Cone, Multi-Level concentric Cone, Eccentric Cone, Multi-Level Eccentric Cone, Tori Cone with Knuckle Radius at Large End, Tori Cone with knuckle radius at Both Ends. The flat layout is then burned out to shape by a CNC plasma cutting/flame cutting machine. Development Angle has calculated by this calculator and Denoted By . with no problem. Holding the worlds most complete inventory of Titanium Round & Rectangle Bar, Titanium Plate, Titanium Sheet, Titanium Pipe & Fittings and other specialty metals across a global service center network, T.I. Learn about software purchasing options or schedule a demonstration. DXF (2D) file The OBCONE software module is for the development of Oblique Cones (eccentric/oblique cone/taper/reducer/transition - a cone with an apex that is not aligned above the center of the base) in Sheet and Plate. Galvanized Pipe and Accessories Extensive fittings library with unlimited customization, DXF export for nesting and automated cutting, HPGL export for printing and manual cutting, Custom list of liners, wrap, sealant, stiffeners, vanes, and hangers, Fitting list quick list of fittings in job, Detail list shop ticket format shows fitting, details, and dimensions. You can use any dimentional units such as Inches or MM as per your prefererance. Draw whatever diameter you need to be the top of your cone (Mine was 84"). Dont want a subscription? Height Lateral offsets of top relative to bottom If you are planning to Mark the layout on a Flat Plate Then use the Mean Diameter of the Cone that is nothing but Inside Diameter plus thickness or Outside Diameter minus thickness for higher accuracy. %%EOF They are used where the diameter of the pipe on the upstream side of the fitting (i.e. All "URGENT" requests should be forwarded to the URGENT request department of the Department of Redundancy Departments. OUTPUT Privacy Policy, Heat Pump Equipment and Geothermal Systems, Residential Grilles, Registers and Diffusers, Commercial Grilles, Registers and Diffusers, Base Cans, Plenums, Filter Frames and Bases, ECCO Polypropylene Vent Single Wall Rigid/Flex Venting, ECCODUCT In-Slab Duct and Ventilation System, Model E/R B-Vent Chimney Type B Gas Vent 3 8, Model E/V B-Vent Chimney Type B Gas Vent 10 30. An eccentric reducer is a fitting used in piping systems between two pipes of different diameters. The burned-out shaped is formed into cones primarily by either rolling the plate in a plate roll or forming the plate with radius dies in a press brake. Flb_N|-.LsTuVQhGbo50x0M^wj9-H/w)V20[ $bT ;ki capabilities with the objective of reducing costs and cycle times. This is used in pipe-work systems for reducing the diameter of a pipe from one size to larger or small size. H = Height from end to end. Oblique cones are more commonly found as parts of more complex structure structures, e.g. Coordinate Table TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Divide the outer radius by the major diameter and multiply the answer by the minor diameter. Axial offsets permitted. hS[k0+qum($mz6k!AM`,;Gj$,\> With a globally experienced and technically driven team, T.I. Remove the clamps. Concentric Reducer vs Eccentric Reducer Differences if you are using Inches as units for your input values then please refer decimal fractional chart to enter proper input values. Throat. [1] Unlike a concentric reducer, which resembles a cone, eccentric reducers have an edge that is parallel to the connecting pipe, referred to as the flat side. Exit Sketch.8. 3. 10. Choose from our selection of metal reducers in a wide range of styles and sizes. has been providing dependable, quality driven service to our customers since 1972. They can withstand pressures up to 900 psi. For example, if the value you calculated is 2 and the length of the reducer is 6 inches, the height of the extended cone is 12 inches. Cut along the two lines and keep the marked piece, which is the pattern for the reducer. No. T.I. Refere Outpt Image to understand out marking dimensions vales to mark layout accurately. Axial offsets permitted. ECCO Manufacturing Products. Here is the actual cone after fabrication. FastCAM file A concentric reducer is symmetrical about its centerline. Contact us for perpetual license pricing. This development Radius is used to layout cone fabrication layout markings or Flat Pattern Markings. Pipe Reducer Dimensions - Concentric and Eccentric Reducer Dimensions Concentric Pipe Reducer and Eccentric Pipe Reducer Dimensions are covered in ASME B16.9. Check that the dimensions are correct. This parallel edge results in the two pipes having offset center lines. Concentric will be easy, eccentric not so easy. 0 FastCAM file Both types of reducer cones are used when you need a piping system between two different openings. Aluminum Products 2000-2018 FastCAM Inc. . Please sign in to your account to take advantage of youronlinediscounts. hbbd```b``Z"@$.DrH_ }&)+ $o\\-@L@[Mf`$x;@ ;* Connect these fittings to thick-wall plastic pipe they have thicker, stronger walls than standard-wall fittings, so they can handle heavy duty industrial plumbing and water supply applications, such as water processing, waste water treatment, and irrigation. of development lines play a very important role in the accuracy of the layout so optimum no of development lines are needed to select. Louvers and Dampers You can use any dimentional units such as Inches or MM as per your prefererance. There is a great add-in package from German company: www.spi.de. ECCO Heating Products Ltd. was incorporated in 1960 with the vision of becoming the best in sheet metal manufacturing as well as the distribution of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) and related products. Oblique cones are more commonly found as parts of more complex structure structures, e.g. where flow is coming from) is larger than the downstream side, and where there is a danger that vapour may accumulate. Liner list lists lining to cut for fabricated parts by type, size, and dimension for each pattern piece. If you are planning to Mark the layout on a Flat Plate Then use the Mean Diameter of the Cone that is nothing but Inside Diameter plus thickness or Outside Diameter minus thickness for higher accuracy. Eccentric reducers unlike concentric reducers have an edge that is parallel to the connecting pipe. Height Cone Calculator is helpful for Generating Flat Pattern Layout or Fabrication Layout of all types of cones. OUTPUT Hunker may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. You can Save Time on your Fabrication Layouting process. DATA REQUIREMENTS DXF (2D) file Scarborough, Ontario, M1L 2G9 After selecting the second arc, select the first arc you created. Height It will be reviewed for URGENCY and forwarded to the appropriate "Urgent Request" Department, during abnormal working hours. Plate thickness Scarborough, For example, if the calculated angle is 114 degrees, draw two radii with 114 degrees between them. is the global leader in specialty metals distribution. An eccentric reducer is a fitting used in piping systems between two pipes of different diameters. 768 Warden Avenue ;Db9g. stitch weld, riveted, tack weld or solid weld), standing seam or butt weld seam. Multiply the resulting value by the length of the reducer and record your answer, which is the height of the cone that is formed by extending the smaller end of the reducer to a single point. Green, applied to longitudinal seam edges for pressing. This page has been translated for your convenience with an automatic translation service. Corrosion-resistant steel provides durability for effective use, and it offers temperature resistance to prevent cracks on the surface. Uses triangulation development. 91-22-67496383 / 84 | Email: sales@metline.in | www.metline-pipefittings.in 521/2 5.56 141 2.88 73 5.00 127 2.16 Dimensions (based on ASME/ANSI B16.9) and example weights for reducers (Continued) Nominal Pipe Size Large End Small End End to End Weight OD at Bevel OD at Bevel Dimension 40S/STD1 in mm in mm in . Use a protractor to measure the calculated angle, starting from this radius, and mark the angle on the paper. Input all the dimension required in given input fields as per your unit selection. Plate thickness E?H[F+a2:]Nm_#,ak|sK4#3'HSgT[r,[$MLIvTKQA_Q>Y6|nU45npKb jn5fakDZ1gLpm3fjnZNVce-? M3FS15 : CBRANCH (Conical branched structures) Check the dimensions of the reducer you want to make. Thick-Wall Plastic Pipe Fittings for Water. click here to download our ebook Master in Fabrication Layout Development. Coordinate Table [3] Eccentric reducers are used at the suction side of pumps to ensure air does not accumulate in the pipe. PROGRAM REFERENCE ECCO Special Gas Vent Our commitment to excellence means IPEX brings accountability, reliability and integrity to each and every project, backed by solid distributor relationships and the industry's most comprehensive, experienced sales and support network. Click 'OK' to finish the 'Loft' command.10. Extend this rectangle until it overlaps one side of your circle. In this Cone Calculator, we have the following Types of Cone Flat Pattern Layout Options are available. It allows you to determine either the size of raw material needed or the number of gore sections to fit on your available material. Eccentric reducer. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS The OBCONE software module is for the development of Oblique Cones (eccentric/oblique cone/taper/reducer/transition - a cone with an apex that is not aligned above the center of the base) in Sheet and Plate. It is the process of converting the whole cone into an equal no. Use an eccentric reducer (with the flat side down) between the barrel and the throat to facilitate shoving the pig into the throat (with a concentric reducer or an eccentric reducer with the flat side up it can be very difficult to get a heavy pig to engage in the throat). Model E/V B-Vent Chimney Type B Gas Vent 10" - 30" Horizontal gas reducers are always eccentric, bottom flat, which allows condensed water or oil to drain at low points. Note the resulting value. Description:Occupational Summary This occupation requires the layout, fabrication, assembly, installation and repair of sheet metal maintenance parts, fittings . you can enter any even no. Contact Hypertherm directly to get more information and find Waterjet partners. is the global leader in specialty metals supply for the Aerospace. Find My Store. Fittings T.I.s Industry Leading Quality System delivers guaranteed reliability, with a full range of internationally accredited regulatory, OEM and. A 3D DXF file describing the complete structure. Welcome to Autodesks Inventor Forums. Oblique cones are more commonly found as parts of more complex structure structures, e.g. How To Construct a Concentric Reducer Step 1: Determine the Dimensions Check the dimensions of the reducer you want to make. The steel and aluminum used for ductwork is a "high . Large ducts, needed to deliver high volumes of air into a building, split into multiple, smaller sections that may supply only a few rooms. In this book all both Geometrical and Numerical Method of fabrication Layout of all types of the branch pipe connections. 04/29/2012 12:51 PM. }^%#)z6/ m Tori Cone with Knuckle Radius at Both Ends. Kitchen Event: Save on a 5-star kitchen with our great deals, Online Exclusive: Get 15% off a wide selection of items, SPRING 2023: Get inspired with our new patio collections lookbook, Get snow storm ready: We have everything you need, Home & Garden RONA Scarborough Golden Mile. Find My Store. Ducts are a common feature of American building infrastructure, typically as part of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Eccentric reducers are preferable when liquid is running through the cone because the design helps prevent buildup of air bubbles in the system. Flat oval duct has been designed for restricted space conditions that cannot accept round spiral duct. If you are looking for Various other useful fabrication Apps for your daily fabrication activity then Click here, If you want to increase your knowledge by learning from us then you can join our various video courses in the field of fabrication Click here to know more about our courses, Home | Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions | Disclaimer | Sitemap. Chimney Liners, 2-Ply Flex delivers supply solutions at all levels of sophistication and complexity. Write down the reducer's major diameter, its minor diameter, and its length. A DXF file of a square-to-round transition part in the CAD. This provides an overlap that can be used for riveting. Lateral offsets of top relative to bottom For example, if the major diameter is 8 inches and the outer radius is 12.65 inches, the angle is 114 degrees. ECCO Polypropylene Vent Single Wall Rigid/Flex Venting Internal diameters at top and bottom Also occur as pipe or circular duct transition elements. Titanium | Nickel Alloys | Stainless Steels | Alloy & Carbon Steels, Titanium Industries offers a wide variety of specialty metal processing. Elbows For example, if the major diameter is 8 inches and the height of the cone is 12 inches, the two figures are 16 and 144, respectively, and the result is 12.65 inches. PROGRAM REFERENCE T.I. Try the attached file (IV9 format, pull the End of File marker down). Form the cut piece of metal into the shape of the reducer and clamp the edges of the seam together. Trim the circle laying inside the rectangle. Internet connectivity required for subscription license, 1.3 GHz processor or faster (3 GHz recommended), VGA display with at least 256 colors and a resolution of 1024 x 768, Windows 10, Windows 8 or 8.1, or Windows 7 (SP1) (32-bit or 64-bit OS), 7-day trial followed by automatic billing. Galvanized Duct and Accessories Base Cans, Plenums, Filter Frames and Bases Galvanized Pipe and Accessories Fittings Elbows Louvers and Dampers Model E/R B-Vent Chimney Type B Gas Vent 3" - 8" Model E/V B-Vent Chimney Type B Gas Vent 10" - 30" ECCO Polypropylene Vent - Single Wall Rigid/Flex Venting ECCO . Lateral offsets of top relative to bottom if you want to learn the fabrication layout marking method of Pipe Branch Connections then click here to download our ebook Master in Fabrication Layout Development. Matrix Metal Hose Coupling Caps Metal Hydraulic Control Valves Metal Inspection Testers Metal Large-Capacity Containers Metal Layout Markers . Concentric & Eccentric Reducers STANDARD WEIGHT Inches / Pounds Concentric Eccentric Nominal Pipe Size Length (H) Approximate Weight (in Pounds) x 1 .21 1 x 2 .36 1 x 2 .36 1 x 2 .42 1 x 2 .42 1 x 1 2 .48 1 x 2.5 .56 1 x 2.5 .56 1 x 1 2.5 .57 1 x 1 2.5 .65 2 x 3 .74 How can a flat pattern be made of the attached eccentric cone? M3FS9 : OBCONE $)6[!S=J^]UfLP)5E[K*H=Sq%A*p8d5| d|~3x]%_Vm8nfjI*Pb3)z!YO"Yc#S(_>Ee:1tnte9%iJ9gcb2k(DI}6P#Azz_wVmgK"aoR}6mynDF|kc rW"iUo]QL_{|S_4,},E>fL]UtS(RY(!kB8&.&X1|4Ji46{ R*()n~8H,cHAS!h|";UNcfzLVFc After Filling Input Dimensions Select No. Start with a Lofted Flange in Sheet Metal, not a shelled loft Can't find what you're looking for? DUCTWORK DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 33 . Export patterns to DXF for automated cutting, export to HPGL for printing to a plotter, or lay out patterns manually using XY or triangulation points. Below is a picture of a cone that is being used as a tub. Up to 8 longitudinal seams permitted. 5. Multiply the height of the extended cone by itself. Rather, it is usually done by mechanical drafting techniques under the heading of "developments and intersections," which pertain especially to sheet metal layout. The throat is the same size as the pipeline. I'm currently using Inventor 2013, and here's how I made mine:In a Sheet Metal Drawing1. Reducers in vertical lines are generally concentric unless the layout dictates otherwise. If you left any input field empty then it will show you an error notification so if you are getting this notification then check all your empty fields and enter correct data to generate results. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Cleat list lists cleats to fabricate and organizes them by type, size, etc. Set a drawing compass to the outer radius you calculated. ECCODUCT In-Slab Duct and Ventilation System. in rectangular to round transformers, and similar structures. Eccentric reducer dimensions and weight in PDF. After selecting 'Thicken', specify the thickness of your material (right side of the window) and which direction you would like the material to go (left side of window, three buttons).12. Eccentric Reducer Concentric Reducer Concentric Reducer Weight Calculation Formula The steel pipe reducer weight formula is 0.02466 * S < (D+d)/2 - S> * H / 1000 D = Large end diameter in mm. Remove the pattern.Note: If you want to join the seam of the reducer with rivets, draw a small tab on the edge of the marked pattern before cutting the material. of dimensions line as multiple of four. Holding the world's most complete inventory of Titanium Round & Rectangle Bar, Titanium Plate, Titanium Sheet, Titanium Pipe & Fittings and other specialty metals . Create a sketch on your offset plane. Tori Cone with Knuckle Radius at Large End. By creating an account you agree to the Hunker, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, How to Calculate the Volume of a Tapered Hopper. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Longitudinal seam locations Knuckle radius at Large end normally denoted by R and Knuckle Radius at Small end is denoted by r. Refer to Standard Image for Toricone with Knuckle radius at Large End and Knuckle radius at Both Ends. S = Large end Thickness in mm. Titanium Industries offers a wide variety of specialty metal processing capabilities with the objective of reducing costs and cycle times. seG$+L}#v+(T Draw a second radius at the marked angle, from the center to the outer edge of the larger circle. You should have a ring of paper remaining with two lines marked on it. Phone: (416) 751-7556. The FabEasy training module is an animated guide that walks you through every step of the process of creating a template and fabricating a pipe, ensuring a clear and detailed understanding of the process - an invaluable preparation for your first go at pipe fabrication. Internal diameters at top and bottom A reducer, shaped like a truncated cone, tapers from a large, or major, diameter to a smaller, or minor, diameter. Metal Strips Red Metal Tubing for Flow Red Metal U-Channels Ridgid 96725 Metal Cases Rigid Metal Conduit Rigid Metal . in rectangular to round transformers, and similar structures. You Can save the Cost of Material by using this calculator. After drawing your circle, draw a rectangle originating from the centerpoint of your circle. Cone Calculator is useful for fabrication Industry, Process Equipment Manufacturing Industry, Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Industry, Piping Industry, Sheet Metal Industry, Heavy Equipment Fabrication Industry or any similar Industry. 768 Warden Avenue, Refer to Standard Image for understanding these dimensions at Output sections. we recommend user to enter no. Jansling,I've spent the better part of this afternoon trying to make an eccentric cone myself, and through my labors I've found a relatively simple method. For example, if the outer radius is 12.65 inches, the major diameter is 8 inches, and the minor diameter is 4 inches, the inner radius is 6.33 inches. M3FS9 : OBCONE Invests in Inventory Expansion, Capacity, Processing Capabilities, T.I.s Michigan Sales & Service Center Relocates, T.I. For eccentric cones I have had the most success using flats generated by 36-sided polygons. Global Metal Supply & Distribution Company. Draw a circle on a sheet of heavyweight drawing paper. Loft features will not open. Design2Fab also helps ensure perfect fit-up when installing parts in the field, contributing to increased productivity and lower operating costs so youll be able to accomplish more, while increasing profitability! Eccentric Reducer pipe section for Spiral Pipe or Ductwork System (HVAC). But if you are directly marking layout on cone then use outside diameter. Spiral Duct and Fittings Click here to Download App for Android Device. eRV6sHETAhsNnu_ v8EB i>?O7>k6a}ViKam7__`S3\LF. Knuckle Radius is the dimension required for flat pattern layouting of Toricone. They are used where the diameter of the pipe on the upstream side of the fitting (i.e. Parallel inlet and outlet planes. They may comprise the corner elements of more complex chutework, and especially as liners. The 'Thicken' command will be on the right side of your Ribbon (if you are using the default Ribbon setup).11. )OT|P No. OUTPUT Use appropriate personal protective equipment while you are cutting. Design2Fab sheet metal layout software makes it easy to create HVAC duct, mechanical, kitchen, industrial, roofing, and other specialty fitting layouts. Cut the inner circle out of the paper and cut around the outer circle. Sheet Metal Cone Calculator Request Pricing View the Cone Instructions below to learn how to manually layout the flat pattern for a truncated cone in single or multiple gore sections. Draw around the outside of the pattern with a permanent marker. endstream endobj 15 0 obj <> endobj 16 0 obj <> endobj 17 0 obj <>stream ProNest CAD/CAM part nesting software for advanced mechanized cutting is designed to supercharge your cutting operation, helping you achieve greater automation, efficiency, and profitability. Subscribing to ECCO E-News is FREE. 2022, ECCO Supply ECCO Supply, a division of The ECCO Group. Flat Oval Duct and Fittings p$8 P&11(! In fact, sheet metal use in HVAC is greater than all other materials combined. You need to model in deferent way. 30 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3CB0F33BDD2FC8708141AAF511B1F42E><937DAD81DC6E8047B6485A485E21C580>]/Index[14 28]/Info 13 0 R/Length 92/Prev 108378/Root 15 0 R/Size 42/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Plus a wide range of approvals from most leading OEMs across Aerospace, Medical, Industrial, and Oil and Gas markets. M3FS5 : CONE (Right circular cones) Refer to the table given below for the size 1/2 to 24. Horizontal liquid reducers are always eccentric, with the flat side on the top, which prevents the build up of air bubbles in the system, (unless on control set, same as PV, TV, HV, LV) or in a pipe rack. But if you are directly marking layout on cone then use outside diameter. About Us, Copyright 2021 Titanium Industries, Inc. All Rights Reserved -, T.I. M3FS15 : CBRANCH (Conical branched structures) 14 0 obj <> endobj Cone Height is the Distance between the Large end and small end vertically. Uses triangulation development. An eccentric reducer cone is a cone whose side is perpendicular to the base of the cone. endstream endobj startxref T.I. of Development lines are a very important input field in this calculator. Veuillez vous connecter votre compte afin de profiter de vosrabaisenligne. An easy and Faster way to layout cones flat pattern. Refer Standard Image for Large Diameter D. You can use any dimentional units such as Inches or MM as per your prefererance. These may be with or without duct sealant. Development Cord Length has calculated by this calculator and Denoted By X1 and X2. You can create two types of reducers. Also occur as pipe or circular duct transition elements. SP58ER Gauge Size Qty 28 Ga 54 1 64 1 65 1 74 1 75 1 76 1 85 1 86 1 . 2000-2018 FastCAM Inc. FastSHAPES is the generic name for a suite of Plate & Sheet development software programs specifically designed for heavy fabrication where the main jointing technology is welding. Cut around the marked pattern with metal snips. in rectangular to round transformers, and similar structures. Access to Hypertherms tech service engineers is included at no additional charge. Draw whatever diameter you need to be the top of your cone (Mine was 84"). This is not an official translation and may contain errors and inaccurate translations. ProNest LT is a material nesting software designed for light industrial, mechanized cutting in production environments. For XPR, HPR, and MAXPRO consumables we recommend contacting your table manufacturer or OEM for availability and pricing. It is the no. Last edited on 29 December 2022, at 10:41, "Reducer Fittings Decrease Pipe Size to Avoid Failure (First of Two Parts)", "Review of pump suction reducer selection: Eccentric or concentric reducers", "HP Reliability: Eccentric reducers and straight runs of pipe at pump suction", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eccentric_reducer&oldid=1130267849, This page was last edited on 29 December 2022, at 10:41. This development Angle is used to layout cone fabrication layout markings or Flat Pattern Markings. of parts. The gradual accumulation of air in a concentric reducer could result in a large bubble that could eventually cause the pump to stall or cause cavitation when drawn into the pump. A 3D DXF file describing the complete structure. The Responsible Choice for Over 50 years. Patterns in any of the following forms d = Small end diameter in mm. I will try to present this later when I have more time. Fig.2: Eccentric Reducer M3FS5 : CONE (Right circular cones) You can also use the Routing Component Wizard in the Routing Library Manager to prepare a part for use in Routing. 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Uses triangulation development. DXF (2D) file 6-in Dia x 5-in Dia Duct Reducer. Light weight sheet metal cones are often used in metal duct work in ventilation systems and cones made from heavy plate are used in metal duct work for steel mills and other large manufacturing applications.