Is it the creature of the state legislatures, or the creature of the people? This, sir, is General Washingtons consolidation. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley. He served as a U.S. senator from 1823 to 1832, and was a leading proponent of the states' rights doctrine. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of unplanned speeches in the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830 between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. Noah grew a vineyard, got drunk on wine and lay naked. - Women's Rights Facts & Significance, Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points: Definition, Speech & Summary, Fireside Chats: Definition & Significance, JFK's New Frontier: Definition, Speech & Program. The gentleman insists that the states have no right to decide whether the constitution has been violated by acts of Congress or not,but that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent of its own powers; and that in case of a violation of the constitution, however deliberate, palpable and dangerous, a state has no constitutional redress, except where the matter can be brought before the Supreme Court, whose decision must be final and conclusive on the subject. . Two leading ideas predominated in this reply, and with respect to either Hayne was not only answered but put to silence. Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South. . . But, according to the gentlemans reading, the object of the Constitution was to consolidate the government, and the means would seem to be, the promotion of injustice, causing domestic discord, and depriving the states and the people of the blessings of liberty forever. Consolidation, like the tariff, grates upon his ear. . If slavery, as it now exists in this country, be an evil, we of the present day found it ready made to our hands. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? On January 19, 1830, Hayne attacked the Foot Resolution and labeled the Northeasterners as selfish and unprincipled for their support of protectionism and conservative land policies. The speech is also known for the line Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable, which would subsequently become the state motto of North Dakota, appearing on the state seal. Sir, there exists, moreover, a deep and settled conviction of the benefits, which result from a close connection of all the states, for purposes of mutual protection and defense. We look upon the states, not as separated, but as united. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you . How do Webster and Hayne differ in regard to their understandings of the proper relationship among the several states and between the states and the national government? If they mean merely this, then, no doubt, the public lands as well as everything else in which we have a common interest, tends to consolidation; and to this species of consolidation every true American ought to be attached; it is neither more nor less than strengthening the Union itself. Most assuredly, I need not say I differ with him, altogether and most widely, on that point. Such interference has never been supposed to be within the power of government; nor has it been, in any way, attempted. An error occurred trying to load this video. This absurdity (for it seems no less) arises from a misconception as to the origin of this government and its true character. Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. Daniel webster (ma) and sen. Hayne of . They will also better understand the debate's political context. But I do not understand the doctrine now contended for to be that which, for the sake of distinctness, we may call the right of revolution. Judiciary Act of 1801 | Overview, History & Significance, General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War. Hayne's First Speech (January 19, 1830) Webster's First Reply to Hayne (January 20, 1830) Hayne's Second Speech (January 21, 1830) Webster's Second Reply to Hayne (January 26-27, 1830) This page was last edited on 13 June 2021, at . Are we in that condition still? . Differences between Northern and Southern ideas of good governance, which eventually led to the American Civil War, were beginning to emerge. . And what has been the consequence? Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. I understand him to maintain, that the ultimate power of judging of the constitutional extent of its own authority, is not lodged exclusively in the general government, or any branch of it; but that, on the contrary, the states may lawfully decide for themselves, and each state for itself, whether, in a given case, the act of the general government transcends its power. succeed. We will not look back to inquire whether our fathers were guiltless in introducing slaves into this country. The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? . Though Webster made an impassioned argument, the political, social, and economic traditions of New England informed his ideas about the threatened nation. Post-Civil War, as the nation rebuilt and reconciled the balance between federal and state government, federal law became the supreme law of the land, just as Webster desired. If this Constitution, sir, be the creature of state Legislatures, it must be admitted that it has obtained a strange control over the volitions of its creators. God grant that, in my day, at least, that curtain may not rise. . . This would have been the case even if no positive provision to that effect had been inserted in that instrument. It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. The object of the Framers of the Constitution, as disclosed in that address, was not the consolidation of the government, but the consolidation of the Union. It was not to draw power from the states, in order to transfer it to a great national government, but, in the language of the Constitution itself, to form a more perfect union; and by what means? . Inflamed and mortified at this repulse, Hayne soon returned to the assault, primed with a two-day speech, which at great length vaunted the patriotism of South Carolina and bitterly attacked New England, dwelling particularly upon her conduct during the late war. a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question . . . . To all this, sir, I was disposed most cordially to respond. It is, sir, the peoples Constitution, the peoples government; made for the people; made by the people; and answerable to the people. Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 20, 1830. foote wanted to stop surveying lands until they could sell the ones already looked at sir, this is but the old story. If these opinions be thought doubtful, they are, nevertheless, I trust, neither extraordinary nor disrespectful. Record of the Organization and Proceedings of The Massachusetts Lawmakers Investigate Working Condit State (Colonial) Legislatures>Massachusetts State Legislature. She has worked as a university writing consultant for over three years. MTEL Speech: Notable Debates & Speeches in U.S. History, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858: Summary & Significance, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Significance of Daniel Webster's Argument, MTEL Speech: Principles of Argument & Debate, MTEL Speech: Understanding Persuasive Communication, MTEL Speech: Public Argument in Democratic Societies. In fact, Webster's definition of the Constitution as for the People, by the People, and answerable to the People would go on to form one of the most enduring ideas about American democracy. Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification. It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. A four-speech debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina, in January 1830. The Commercial Greatness of the United States, Special Message to Congress (Tyler Doctrine), Estranged Labour and The Communist Manifesto, State of the Union Address Part II (1848). Neither side can be said to have 'won' the debate, but Webster's articulation of the Union solidified for many the role of the federal government. Ostend Manifesto of 1854 Overview & Purpose | What was the Ostend Manifesto? The Constitutional Convention: The Great Compromise, The Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830: Summary & Issues, The History of American Presidential Debates, Jonathan Edwards and the Great Awakening: Sermons & Biography, Who Was Susan B. Anthony? . . I said, only, that it was highly wise and useful in legislating for the northwestern country, while it was yet a wilderness, to prohibit the introduction of slaves: and added, that I presumed, in the neighboring state of Kentucky, there was no reflecting and intelligent gentleman, who would doubt, that if the same prohibition had been extended, at the same early period, over that commonwealth, her strength and population would, at this day, have been far greater than they are. President Andrew Jackson had just been elected, most of the states got rid of property requirements for voting, and an entire new era of democracy was being born. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. What interest, asks he, has South Carolina in a canal in Ohio? Sir, this very question is full of significance. The measures of the federal government have, it is true, prostrated her interests, and will soon involve the whole South in irretrievable ruin. Hayne's few but zealous partizans shielded him still, and South Carolina spoke with pride of him. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Overview, Impact & Significance, Public Speaking for Teachers: Professional Development, AEPA Earth Science (AZ045): Practice & Study Guide, ORELA Early Childhood Education: Practice & Study Guide, Praxis Middle School English Language Arts (5047) Prep, MTLE Physical Education: Practice & Study Guide, ILTS Mathematics (208): Test Practice and Study Guide, MTLE Earth & Space Science: Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Business Education (NT309): Help & Review, Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Examination (CPCE): Exam Prep & Study Guide, GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Test I (083) Prep, GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Test II (084) Prep, Create an account to start this course today. It was of a partizan and censorious character and drew nearly all the chief senators out. . Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. . The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts [Senator Daniel Webster] has gone out of his way to pass a high eulogium on the state of Ohio. The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions Add Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. . If the federal government, in all or any of its departments, are to prescribe the limits of its own authority; and the states are bound to submit to the decision, and are not to be allowed to examine and decide for themselves, when the barriers of the Constitution shall be overleaped, this is practically a government without limitation of powers; the states are at once reduced to mere petty corporations, and the people are entirely at your mercy. The real significance of this debate was in each man's interpretation of the United States Constitution. Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. No hanging over the abyss of disunion, no weighing of the chances, no doubting as to what the Constitution was worth, no placing of liberty before Union, but "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable." The heated speeches were unplanned and stemmed from the debate over a resolution by Connecticut Senator Samuel A. . Even Benton, whose connection with the debate made him at first belittle these grand utterances, soon felt the danger and repudiated the company of the nullifiers. The Webster-Hayne debate laid out key issues faced by the Senate in the 1820s and 1830s. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. God grant that on my vision never may be opened what lies behind. Sir, I may be singularperhaps I stand alone here in the opinion, but it is one I have long entertained, that one of the greatest safeguards of liberty is a jealous watchfulness on the part of the people, over the collection and expenditure of the public moneya watchfulness that can only be secured where the money is drawn by taxation directly from the pockets of the people. . This seemed like an Eastern spasm of jealousy at the progress of the West. At the time of the debate, Webster was serving his term as Senator of Massachusetts. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. What started as a debate over the Tariff of Abominations soon morphed into debates over state and federal sovereignty and liberty and disunion. Correct answers: 2 question: Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? I now proceed to show that it is perfectly safe, and will practically have no effect but to keep the federal government within the limits of the Constitution, and prevent those unwarrantable assumptions of power, which cannot fail to impair the rights of the states, and finally destroy the Union itself. . We are ready to make up the issue with the gentleman, as to the influence of slavery on individual and national characteron the prosperity and greatness, either of the United States, or of particular states. If the government of the United States be the agent of the state governments, then they may control it, provided they can agree in the manner of controlling it; if it be the agent of the people, then the people alone can control it, restrain it, modify, or reform it. Historians love a good debate. In our contemplation, Carolina and Ohio are parts of the same country; states, united under the same general government, having interests, common, associated, intermingled. A speech by Louisiana Senator Edward Livingston, however, neatly explains how American nationhood encompasses elements of both Webster and Hayne's ideas. Web hardcover $30.00 paperback $17.00 kindle nook book ibook. | 12 We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. Having thus distinctly stated the points in dispute between the gentleman and myself, I proceed to examine them. Northern states intended to strengthen the federal government, binding the states in the union under one supreme law, and eradicating the use of slave labor in the rapidly growing nation. During the course of the debates, the senators touched on pressing political issues of the daythe tariff, Western lands, internal improvementsbecause behind these and others were two very different understandings of the origin and nature of the American Union. The next day, however, Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster rose with his reply, and the northern states knew they had found their champion. I supposed, that on this point, no two gentlemen in the Senate could entertain different opinions. . . . to expose them to the temptations inseparable from the direction and control of a fund which might be enlarged or diminished almost at pleasure, without imposing burthens upon the people? Webster-Hayne Debate 1830, an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. For one, Hayne and Webster were arguing for the fate of the West and, in particular, whether the North or South would control western development. In contrasting the state of Ohio with Kentucky, for the purpose of pointing out the superiority of the former, and of attributing that superiority to the existence of slavery, in the one state, and its absence in the other, I thought I could discern the very spirit of the Missouri question[1] intruded into this debate, for objects best known to the gentleman himself. Most are forgettable, to put it charitably. Sir, when gentlemen speak of the effects of a common fund, belonging to all the states, as having a tendency to consolidation, what do they mean? Drama, suspense, it's all there. Union, of itself, is considered by the disciples of this school as hardly a good. He entered the Senate on that memorable day with a slow and stately step and took his seat as though unconscious of the loud buzz of expectant interest with which the crowded auditory greeted his appearance. [2] We deal in no abstractions.
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