THOMAS BORMAN OBITUARY BORMAN, Thomas G. Passed away peacefully on 13 February 2023 with his loving daughter Clare by his side. "[86], The Apollo8 spacecraft splashed down in darkness at 10:51:42 UTC (05:51:42 EST) on Friday, December 27. [32] Following the precedent set by the Mercury Seven, each of the Nine was assigned a special area in which to develop expertise that could be shared with the others, and to provide astronaut input to the designers and engineers. Find the obituary of Alvin Ray Borman (1945 - 2020) from Lancaster, MN. He was replaced by Lovell in July 1968, reuniting Borman with his Gemini7 crewmate. He sold the Jetstar, and, as at North American, banned drinking on company time, which he considered also included lunchtime. From the family obituary: Susan Borman lived an unselfish, courageous life, fought a long, valiant battle with Alzheimer's and died on Sept. 7, 2021, as always, a committed Christian, wife, mother, grandmother and great-grandmother. Paul Bernard Borman, age 67, of Austin, Texas passed away on Tuesday, September 20, 2022. [65] In April 1967, while serving on the board, Borman was one of five astronauts who testified before the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate committees investigating the Apollo1 fire (the others were Shepard, Schirra, Slayton and McDivitt). [113] During this time, the employees received double their VER payments. However it is beyond PHENOMENAL! Susan Borman lived an unselfish, courageous life, fought a long, valiant battle with Alzheimer's and died on Sept. 7, 2021, as always, a committed Christian, wife, mother, grandmother and great-grandmother. Facebook gives people the power to. Jogensen has written. in memory of Brenda Sue (Brown) Borman, please visit our floral store. Susan Bugbee Borman Birth 4 Aug 1930 Verona, Essex County, New Jersey, USA Death 7 Sep 2021 (aged 91) Billings, Yellowstone County, Montana, USA Burial United States Military Academy Post Cemetery West Point, Orange County, New York, USA Plot Mr & Mrs Frank Borman will be interred here together after Frank passes. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. He was the commander of Apollo 8, the first mission to fly around the Moon, and together with crewmates Jim Lovell and William Anders, became the first of 24 humans to do so, for which he was awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. The first knowledge I ever had of Frank Borman was as an astronaut when I was a kid in Central Florida. [88] When the spacecraft hit the water, Borman did not flick the switch to release the parachutes quickly enough. [80] Space adaptation syndrome had not occurred on Mercury and Gemini missions because those astronauts could not move freely in the small cabins of those spacecraft. Borman thought it was a waste of time. Eugene T. Borman (Phyllis) of Huntington Beach, Calif., the. She lives in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [111] Borman disliked aspects of American corporate culture, such as plush offices, luxury Cadillac and Mercedes company cars and a Lockheed JetStar corporate jet for executives, while firing or furloughing employees. Please try again. This book certainly builds on the Barbara Cernans famous quote on what it was like to be a wife of an Astronaut. Memorial ID The Susan side of the story has also been well documented as well. [51], After some discussion about how it could be accomplished, it was approved. [168][169] In 1990, Borman was selected for the Arizona Aviation Hall of Fame's inaugural class. You have permission to edit this article. [111] He was CEO of Patlex Corporation, a small company that held patents in lasers, from July 1988 to August 1996. He had split up with Susan while he was at West Point, but had since reconsidered. Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. The end of the three-martini lunch came as a shock to many executives. Martinsburg Leach. Leppert Mortuaries - Nora. Seymour R. Cray, with the Cray 2 supercomputer he developed. I believe that, captures the unseen human side of what it was really like to be an Apollo family., Marilyn Lovell, wife of James Lovell, astronaut on Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8, and Apollo 13, (2013), this is a more personal and focused story, a tale in which few punches are pulled, and all the collateral damage of being one of Americas heroes is laid bare." [47] Borman was then given Stafford as senior pilot and Collins as pilot. Free returns are available for the shipping address you chose. More importantly. Family and friends are coming together online to create a special keepsake. [104] At the conclusion of his 25-day mission to 25 countries,[105] Borman briefed Nixon on September 1 at the Western White House in San Clemente, California. [97] In August, he undertook another special presidential mission, a worldwide tour to seek support for the release of American prisoners of war held by North Vietnam. We are fortunate enough to know the author and we Honestly couldnt be more proud. Beloved mother of Dorothy J. Borman of Bellevue, Rev. Phenomenal Writing ND Incredible Story of True Love and Endurance, Reviewed in the United States on August 3, 2022. He drove to work in a second-hand Chevrolet Camaro with an engine he rebuilt himself. [170] He was among the second class that was inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1993. We are sorry. Please subscribe to keep reading. Borman refused to accept the design because it did not protect the crew from noxious fumes. You saved 1968. The first knowledge I ever had of Frank Borman was as an astronaut when I was a kid in Central Florida. ), Chief US Navy Test Pilot, Joint Strike Fighter CDP, As astronaut's wives, Susan Borman and I shared the highs and lows during the two missions our husbands flew together. However it is beyond PHENOMENAL! [60][61] The crew selection was officially announced in a NASA press release on December 22, 1966. I'm old enough that I remember watching Apollo 8 make it's trips around the moon. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club thats right for you for free. She was an accomplished watercolor artist. Borman told him that he wanted to go to college and study aeronautical engineering, but his parents did not have the money to send him to an out-of-state university, and neither the University of Arizona nor Arizona State University offered top-notch courses in aeronautical engineering at that time. 1", "Healthier and Heavier with Hereford in the Mix", http://warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/temp-title-historic-cobra-flight-happen-oshkosh.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tImCbFjec0, "The AMA History Program Presents: Biography of Col. Frank Borman", "50 years later, Apollo 8 commander talks the Cold War, faith, divisiveness and American greatness", "Apollo 8 astronaut Frank Borman's journey started in Indiana", "Susan Borman Obituary (2021) Billings Gazette", "Happy 90th birthday to astroanaut Frank Borman! He persuaded McGee to take him for flights in a T-6, and then a Lockheed T-33, the trainer version of the Shooting Star. [28] Borman's selection as one of the Next Nine was publicly announced on September 17, 1962. Leave your condolences to the family on this memorial page or send flowers to show you care. [133] Eventually she was placed in a nursing home, where he visited her each day, until her death on September 7, 2021. The increased cabin space in the Apollo command module afforded astronauts greater freedom of movement, contributing to symptoms of space sickness. Eventually Susan Borman had a nervous breakdown trying to be the smiling happy wife of an astronaut. Life as a military wife was beyond demanding, but Susan always rose to the occasion. [44] Slayton therefore replaced Borman with John Young. [39] "I didn't care about picking up rocks," he later told an interviewer, "I wanted to beat the Soviets to the Moon". ${cardName} not available for the seller you chose. [87] Borman had argued for this; a daylight landing would have required orbiting the Moon at least twelve times, and Borman did not think this was necessary. or anything. Serling. Book is in typical used condition with light shelf wear. McDivitt turned it down; his crew had spent a great deal of time preparing to test the LM, and that was what he still wanted to do. [113] In the intervening five years, Eastern ran at a loss, accumulating $380million in losses. [6] He also built model airplanes out of balsa wood. is the untold, fully authorized story of the lives of Frank and Susan Borman. [150] On October 1, 1978, Borman was awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor for his command of Apollo 8. A unique and . I'm old enough that I remember watching Apollo 8 make it's trips around the moon. [52] Then the race was on to launch Gemini6 with Wally Schirra and Tom Stafford on board, which was accomplished at 08:37 local time on December 15. We work hard to protect your security and privacy. Borman resigned from Eastern in June 1986. Enjoy this insightful book, and you will learn more about the human story of Apollo, especially about many of us who were fortunate to have participated." at BALL FUNERAL CHAPEL, INC., 600 Dunster St., Pgh., PA 15226. His responsibility included the Emergency Detection System (EDS) developed for an abort situation. BOERMAN, Susan M., passed away tragically, along with her beloved dog Mickey and bird Jenji on Feb 10th. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. Susan Borman lived an unselfish, courageous life, fought a long, valiant battle with Alzheimer's and died on September 7, 2021, as always, a committed Christian, wife, mother, grandmother and. [40], When the Chief of the Flight Crew Operations, Mercury Seven astronaut Deke Slayton, drew up a tentative schedule of Project Gemini flights, he assigned Mercury Seven astronaut Alan Shepard command of the first crewed flight, Gemini 3, with Next Nine astronaut Tom Stafford as his co-pilot. In 1998, they bought a cattle ranch in Bighorn, Montana. This story of Susan and Frank Bormans lives together is as honest as it gets. Frederick Borman. your email below for our complimentary daily grief messages. [62] Subsequently, Stafford was given his own crew, and Anders was reassigned to Borman's crew. [113] Some of the newcomers offered unprofitable and unsustainable low prices to gain market share. [178][179], Borman's face was used on the cover of Led Zeppelin's second album.[180]. Funeral homes; Help and advice. List prices may not necessarily reflect the product's prevailing market price. [37] Jungle survival training was conducted at the USAF Tropic Survival School at Albrook Air Force Station in Panama, desert survival training at Stead Air Force Base in Nevada, and water survival training on the Dilbert Dunker at the Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida and on Galveston Bay. [103], In June 1970, Borman retired from NASA and the U.S. Air Force as a colonel. [17], Borman returned to the United States, where he became a jet instrument flight instructor at Moody Air Force Base in Georgia, mainly in the T-33. In May 1975, Borman was elected president and chief operating officer by the board. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) Mercury Seven astronaut Gus Grissom would command the backup crew, with Borman as his co-pilot. She was born in Mapleton, Wis. to Otto John and Florence Kay (Lenz) Kiesling on June 17, 1925. . [63] The second mission was scrubbed, but Borman's remained unchanged, although now it was to be the third mission, and he had no backup responsibility. Related To Sandra Borman, Kathleen Borman, Henry Borman, Ann Borman. [120] Borman negotiated an agreement with the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA) for a 22 percent pay cut, while the International Association of Machinists (IAM) and the Transport Workers Union (TWU) (representing the flight attendants) accepted an 18 percent cut. You can enhance Susan Tranka Borman's memory by . Borman did not want anyone to know about his medical problems, but Lovell and Anders wanted to inform Mission Control. can stop at any time. Episode 017 - Frank and Susan - Liisa Jorgensen Show Notes In this episode, author Liisa Jorgensen stops by to talk about her book "Far Side of the Moon: Apollo 8 Commander Frank Borman and the Woman Who Gave Him Wings." She and host Paul Ring discuss the strength of astronaut wives during the 196 [111][113] On the evening of December 29, 1972, Borman received a phone call informing him that Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 had disappeared off the radar near Florida's Everglades. Reviewed in the United States on January 23, 2022. [142][143] The Apollo8 crew was also awarded the Robert J. Collier Trophy for "achievement in astronautics". Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia", "More Than 90 Cadets at West Point Face Charges of Cheating on a Test", "Report to the Secretary of the Army by the Special Commission on the United States Military Academy", "West Point '78 Closing Book on Cheating '76", "Eastern Airlines' Profit In Quarter Is 2nd Biggest", "Auto dealers: sign of the times The New Mexico Private 100", "Frank Borman's New Challenge: Laser Firm Hopes Chairman's Fame Helps Its Fortunes", "Patlex Post-Effective Agreement No. ", Warbird Digest, July 19, 2017, "Apollo 8 Astronaut Colonel Frank Borman flies the P-63 Kingcobra,", USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School, St. Philip's in the Hills Episcopal Church, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19, National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia, "Frank Borman now at U.S. Military Academy", "Commanded Apollo 8, first mission to circumnavigate the Moon", "Here are the Next Nine Astronauts Who Will Join in U.S. Race to the Moon", "4 Gemini Astronauts Agree Man Can Survive in Space", "The Effects of Long-Duration Space Flight on Eye, Head, and Trunk Coordination During Locomotion", "U.S. [8], Borman drove back to Tucson with his parents in his brand-new Oldsmobile 88 for the traditional sixty-day furlough after graduation. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Subscribe to our Daily Headlines newsletter. Borman introduced training with the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter. We believe the book expresses an honest account of many of the families working at NASA during the US race for the moonthe ambition, competition, and pressures on the astronauts, plus the stresses, loneliness, and sacrifices of the wives, was very real. The mission is known for the Earthrise photograph taken by Anders of the Earth rising above the lunar horizon as the Command/Service Module orbited the Moon, and for the reading from Genesis, which was televised to Earth from lunar orbit on Christmas Eve. He graduated from Geneva High School in Geneva, Illinois in 1944. We believe the book expresses an honest account of many of the families working at NASA during the US race for the moonthe ambition, competition, and pressures on the astronauts, plus the stresses, loneliness, and sacrifices of the wives, was very real. When he obtained his student pilot's license, he joined a local flying club. Phil Rowdy Yates (USN Ret. Borman was at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) to observe the launch of Gemini 6, and heard two McDonnell officials, spacecraft chief Walter Burke and his deputy, John Yardley, discuss the possibility of using Gemini7 as a rendezvous target. Just when you thought you might have read and absorbed just about every major item about NASA in the sixties and seventies, along comes a very enjoyable book which imparts new insights, contributions, and most importantly a rare glimpse into how the astronaut families were impacted by our quest to be both first and dominant, particularly in everything which involved the former Soviet Union. [69], Borman's medium Earth orbit lunar module test mission was now planned as Apollo 9, and tentatively scheduled for early 1969, after a low Earth orbit one commanded by McDivitt in December 1968. 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Select a location to see product availability. Family always has come first for Borman, who retired from NASA to spend more time with his wife and two sons not long after his Apollo 8 mission around the moon, even though he likely would have had the opportunity to walk on the moon had he remained at the space agency. In the end, we see how Susan's ultimate determination, humility, and grace help her to overcome the most unthinkable problems. [15], Soon after, Borman suffered a perforated eardrum while practicing dive bombing with a bad head cold. Born on June 11, 1951 in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, she was the daughter of the late Gustav and. This book is compelling, and filled with actual experiences of the astronauts and their families.. Reviewed in the United States on October 25, 2022. There is quite clearly a huge amount of trust between the author and Frank Borman along with others interviewed who had touched the Bormans life. After leaving the moon, Cooper served as a Peace Corps volunteer. Donna L. Borman age 54 of Flatonia passed away March 15, 2013. Schirra, Stafford and Lovell were all United States Naval Academy graduates; Borman was outnumbered. [75] When Borman was asked the same question, he answered "yes" without any hesitation. [34] The assignment involved many trips to the Martin Marietta plants in Denver, Colorado, and Baltimore, Maryland, where the Titan IIs were built. Read more about the life story of Brenda and share your memory. Liisa Jorgensen allows the reader to enter into a relationship with the Bormans as if we know them personally. [130] He is a member of the Society of Antique Modelers (SAM). Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. Frederick Phillip Borman, 75. [22] Thomas P. Stafford, another future astronaut, was one of the instructors. [100] Borman told an interviewer in 1999 that "my reason for joining NASA was to participate in the Apollo Program, the lunar program, and hopefully beat the Russians. The family will receive friends on Friday from 1 p.m. until time of service at the funeral home. John Douglas Borman Jr. of Fort Collins passed away Friday January 6, 2023 in his home at the age of 85. The film centered on the events that led up to the Apollo 8 mission. The author shares the ride in wonderful detail, bringing the reader along on the very personal voyage of Susan Borman, who gave Frank wings. [50], A major change affecting the mission occurred when the Agena target vehicle for Gemini 6 suffered a catastrophic failure. [107] Borman was appointed to head a special commission to investigate and report to the Secretary of the Army. The well-researched Apollo 8 mission details and the behind-the-scenes drama of being a NASA Astronaut's family make this a fascinating read. Except for books, Amazon will display a List Price if the product was purchased by customers on Amazon or offered by other retailers at or above the List Price in at least the past 90 days. To send flowers Paul was born July 26, 1955. "[139], Borman, along with his Gemini7 crewmate Lovell and the Gemini6 crew, received the 1965 Harmon Trophy. The company's debt-to-equity ratio stood at 8:1, and servicing the debt required $235million annually in interest payments, representing about .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}6+12 cents in every dollar earned. In the fall of 1968, Slayton offered command of the first landing to Borman, who turned it down. Faculty noticed remarkably similar answers to an examination paper for Electrical Engineering 304, a required course, that had been given to over 800 cadets to complete on their own. He was given Charles Bassett for a senior pilot and Bill Anders as the pilot (later known as the lunar module pilot);[60][61] Bassett was expected to fly on Gemini 9, but he died in the air crash that also killed See. His class, which included Michael Collins and James B. Irwin, who also later became astronauts, graduated on April 21, 1961. [59], In planning for Project Apollo, Slayton designated new crews under the command of the experienced astronauts who commanded the early Gemini missions. [27] It ran them through a brief training course in May 1962 on how to speak and conduct themselves during the NASA selection process. Cheating was a violation of the Cadet Honor Code, and cheaters were subject to expulsion. He was assigned to the 44th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, which was based at Clark Air Base, and commanded by Major Charles McGee, a veteran fighter pilot. [29][30] Chuck Yeager, the commandant of the USAF Test Pilot School at Edwards, told him: "you can kiss your godamned Air Force career goodbye. NASA and My last insights into Frank Borman were formed while he presided over Eastern Airlinesa true tragedy, and a gut punch to both Miami and the airline industry. Celebration of his Life Friday, Sept. 16th from 4-6 pm. At 8,076 pounds (3,663kg), it was 250 pounds (110kg) heavier than any previous Gemini spacecraft. On missions with a lunar module, the senior pilot (later known as the command module pilot) would also be an experienced astronaut, as he would have to fly the command module solo. It's an absolute gem of a real story that I am so glad has finally been told. . Includes initial monthly payment and selected options. Susan was born in Seattle and lived there her whole life. [35], There was also classroom work. Employees were nominally compensated with grants of company stock, but its value declined from $60 a share in 1966 to $6 a share in 1983. [139] "I have never said it before publicly", declared Borman, "but these two talented guys, I'm just proud that I was able to fly with them. Share with Us. His father bought a lease on a Mobil service station. But the end of the war had changed attitudes towards joining the military, and the three nominees ahead of him all dropped out. Borman had never been on an aircraft carrier before, and was awed by its size. It looks like WhatsApp is not installed on your phone. each comment to let us know of abusive posts. Ginter George. This story of Susan and Frank Bormans lives together is as honest as it gets. 82. she never complained or tried to make him feel guilty. The job was given to Gilruth's deputy, George Low; Borman accepted a temporary posting to the North American Aviation plant in Downey, California, where the command modules were made, to oversee the implementation of the recommendations of the AS-204 Accident Review Board. To keep fit, he and Lovell jogged 2 to 3 miles (3.2 to 4.8km) a day, and played handball after work. I never promised you the moon . [13] He was therefore sent to Williams Air Force Base, near Phoenix, in February 1951 for advanced training,[14] initially in the North American T-28 Trojan, and then the F-80 jet fighter. Get this Belleville Daily Advocate page for free from Wednesday, July 23, 1941 DVOCATE Pg Fw SOCIAL EVENTS WEDDINGS ENGAGEMENTS PARTIES CLUB NEWS Miss Ethel Krebs Becomes Bride Of Harry N . The crew made ten orbits of the Moon in twenty hours before returning to Earth. All Rights Reserved. [54] At one point Schirra held up a sign in the window for Borman to read that said: "Beat Army". The mission is known for the Earthrise photograph taken by Bill Anders of the Earth rising above the lunar horizon as the command module orbited the Moon, and for the televised reading from Genesis in lunar orbit, released for worldwide broadcast. Instead of going to Korea, he was ordered to report to Camp Stoneman, from whence he boarded a troop transport, the USNSFred C. Ainsworth on December 20, 1951, bound for the Philippines. The reader is shown that the same issues in marriages occur in careers other than the space program. [48] Prime and backup crews trained for the mission together, and Borman found the experience as a backup valuable, amounting to a dress rehearsal of their own mission. [113], Borman served on the South African Board of Inquiry into the 1986 aircraft crash that killed Mozambican president Samora Machel. Borman took the West Point entrance examination, but since his chances of a West Point appointment were slim, he also took the Army physical, and passed both. [49], That Gemini7 would last for fourteen days was known from the beginning, and gave Borman time to prepare. [177] Borman was featured on Episode 655 of the radio program This American Life titled "The Not-So-Great Unknown", airing on August 24, 2018; his interview with David Kestenbaum in Act One of the episode titled "So Over the Moon" centered on his unconventional outlook towards space travel. This THE FAR SIDE OF THE MOONAPOLLO 8 COMMANDER FRANK BORMAN, New insights into an iconic American family, Reviewed in the United States on August 19, 2022. [69], Borman argued with test pilot Scott Crossfield, who was in charge of safety engineering at North American, over the design of an effective emergency oxygen system. In Countdown, former NASA astronaut and chief executive officer at Eastern Airlines Frank Borman attempts to portray himself as a pragmatic leader thrust into a bitter struggle to win wage. Borman received his pilot wings on December 4, 1951. Liisa Jorgesen artfully captures the humanity, indeed the love, that was formed, sustained, and continues today between Frank and Susan Borman in the midst of great odds. Phil Rowdy Yates (USN Ret. Lived In Harriman TN, Palm Bay FL, Melbourne FL. [131] Borman, along with other recipients such as baseball player Mickey Mantle and actress Polly Bergen, was awarded the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1969. ), Chief US Navy Test Pilot, Joint Strike Fighter CDPAs astronaut's wives, Susan Borman and I shared the highs and lows during the two missions our husbands flew together. Jacinda Davis, Jeff Titus, Susan Simpson ID. [109], Borman's son Frederick, of the West Point Class of 1974, was accused of taking a bribe. [120] In the first quarter of 1985, earnings were up to $24.3million, 35 cents a share, after setting aside $28.9million for the employees. The top students in the class had the privilege of choosing which branch of flying they would pursue; Borman elected to become a fighter pilot. [8] It was a difficult year to enter. Funeral Mass will be held. Frank Frederick Borman II was born on March 14, 1928, at 2162 West 11th Avenue in Gary, Indiana,[1] the only child of Edwin Otto Borman (19011994) and his wife Marjorie Ann Borman (ne Pearce), who named him after his paternal grandfather. [34] According to Gene Cernan, "the egos of Grissom and Borman were too big to fit into a single spacecraft". [148][149] Jim Lovell accepted the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy for space achievement from President Richard Nixon on behalf of the Apollo8 crew. [156] He has been awarded honorary doctorates from Whittier College,[157] the University of Arizona,[158] South Dakota School of Mines,[159] Illinois Wesleyan University,[160] the University of Pittsburgh,[161] Indiana University,[162] Arizona State University,[163] Clarkson University,[164] Hope College,[165] and the Air University. I have read almost all the Astronaut autobiographies/biographies but this book looks at what the highs and lows were in an Astronaut family from the very start and post NASA. Under his leadership, Eastern went through the four most profitable years in its history, but airline deregulation and the additional debt that he took on to purchase new aircraft led to pay cuts and layoffs, and ultimately to conflict with unions, resulting in his resignation in 1986. The unwavering devotion Susan and Frank have for one another makes this a beautiful epic tale about two people who have overcome incredible odds together - and truly love each other to the moon and back! We would like to offer our sincere support to anyone coping with grief. accounts, the history behind an article. A redesigned hatch that allowed the astronauts to exit within seconds instead of minutes added 1,500 pounds (680kg) to the weight of the spacecraft.
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